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Cruise (aeronautics) A Qantas four-engined Boeing 747-400 at cruise altitude. Cruise is the phase of aircraft flight that starts when the aircraft levels off after a climb, until it begins to descend for landing. [1] Cruising usually comprises the majority of a flight, and may include small changes in heading (direction of flight), airspeed ...
The cost index is calculated by dividing the per-hour cost of operating the plane by the cost of fuel. [3] [4] Generally a cost index of 999 gives ECON speeds as fast as possible without consideration of fuel and a cost index of zero gives maximum fuel economy while disregarding other hourly costs such as maintenance and crew expenses. ECON ...
A Tarom Boeing 737-300 and United Airlines Boeing 777-200 taxiing to depart London Heathrow Airport. Flight planning is the process of producing a flight plan to describe a proposed aircraft flight. It involves two safety-critical aspects: fuel calculation, to ensure that the aircraft can safely reach the destination, and compliance with air ...
Fuel economy in aircraft. Between 1950 and 2018, efficiency per passenger grew from 0.4 to 8.2 RPK per kg of CO₂. [ 1 ] The fuel economy in aircraft is the measure of the transport energy efficiency of aircraft. Fuel efficiency is increased with better aerodynamics and by reducing weight, and with improved engine brake-specific fuel ...
CASM ex-fuel = (Direct Operating Cost - Fuel Cost) / Available Seat Mile = ($3.929 billion - $1.527 billion) / 31.457 billion = 7.63 cents Again, care must be taken in comparing CASM ex-fuel across periods. In particular, if average stage length for the airline has changed significantly, this could have a significant impact on CASM ex-fuel.
Load factor (aeronautics) In aeronautics, the load factor is the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight [1][2]: § 5.22 and represents a global measure of the stress ("load") to which the structure of the aircraft is subjected: where. is the weight. Since the load factor is the ratio of two forces, it is dimensionless.
Piston-engined aircraft use leaded gasoline and those with diesel engines may use jet fuel (kerosene). [1] By 2012, all aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force had been certified to use a 50-50 blend of kerosene and synthetic fuel derived from coal or natural gas as a way of stabilizing the cost of fuel. [2]
Aircraft must have a minimum wing area of 66 square feet (6.1 m 2), and an empty weight of 500 pounds or more. The aircraft must also have fixed landing gear, and a fixed pitch propeller. Racers compete in a 3.19-mile (5.13 km) Oval course. [3] Several aircraft were capable of meeting the specifications for Formula One at its creation.