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  2. Punched card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card

    Punched card. A 12-row/80-column IBM punched card from the mid-twentieth century. A punched card (also punch card[ 1] or punched-card[ 2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines . Punched cards were widely used in the 20th ...

  3. Herman Hollerith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Hollerith

    Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American statistician, inventor, and businessman who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting. His invention of the punched card tabulating machine, patented in 1884, marks the beginning of ...

  4. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

    Punched cards. A punched card is a flexible write-once medium that encodes data, most commonly 80 characters. Groups or "decks" of cards form programs and collections of data. The term is often used interchangeably with punch card, the difference being that an unused card is a "punch card," but once information had been encoded by punching ...

  5. Voting machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_machine

    The Votomatic vote recorder, a punched card voting machine originally developed in the mid-1960s. Punched card systems employ a card (or cards) and a small clipboard-sized device for recording votes. Voters punch holes in the cards with a ballot marking device. Typical ballot marking devices carry a ballot label that identifies the candidates ...

  6. Jacquard machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquard_machine

    The Jacquard machine ( French: [ʒakaʁ]) is a device fitted to a loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé. [3] The resulting ensemble of the loom and Jacquard machine is then called a Jacquard loom.

  7. Tabulating machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulating_machine

    The tabulating machine was an electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information stored on punched cards. Invented by Herman Hollerith, the machine was developed to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. Later models were widely used for business applications such as accounting and inventory control.

  8. Chad (paper) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad_(paper)

    Chads from punched cards. Each chad is about 3 mm ( 1⁄8 in) long. Chad refers to fragments sometimes created when holes are made in a paper, card or similar synthetic materials, such as computer punched tape or punched cards. The word "chad" has been used both as a mass noun (as in "a pile of chad") and as a countable noun (pluralizing as in ...

  9. Joseph Marie Jacquard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Jacquard

    Joseph Marie Charles dit (called or nicknamed) Jacquard (French:; 7 July 1752 – 7 August 1834) was a French weaver and merchant. He played an important role in the development of the earliest programmable loom (the "Jacquard loom"), which in turn played an important role in the development of other programmable machines, such as an early version of digital compiler used by IBM to develop the ...

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