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The original French and Raven (1959) model included five bases of power – reward, coercion, legitimate, expert, and referent – however, informational power was added by Raven in 1965, bringing the total to six. [ 5] Since then, the model has gone through very significant developments: coercion and reward can have personal as well as ...
v. t. e. In political science, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. [1] Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force ( coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions ). [2] Power may also ...
Workplace politics involves processes and behaviors in human interactions that include power and authority. [1] [better source needed] It serves as a tool to assess operational capacity and balance diverse views of interested parties. [citation needed] Also known as office politics and organizational politics, it involves the use of power and ...
Porter's Five Forces Framework is a method of analysing the operating environment of a competition of a business. It draws from industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and, therefore, the attractiveness (or lack thereof) of an industry in terms of its profitability. An "unattractive ...
Charismatic authority. In the field of sociology, charismatic authority is a concept of organizational leadership wherein the authority of the leader derives from the personal charisma of the leader. In the tripartite classification of authority, the sociologist Max Weber contrasts charismatic authority (character, heroism, leadership ...
In business, a competitive advantage is an attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.. A competitive advantage may include access to natural resources, such as high-grade ores or a low-cost power source, highly skilled labor, geographic location, high entry barriers, and access to new technology and to proprietary information.
Strategy. Management (or managing) is the administration of organizations, whether they are a business, a nonprofit organization, or a government body through business administration, nonprofit management, or the political science sub-field of public administration respectively.
Power management. Power management is a feature of some electrical appliances, especially copiers, computers, computer CPUs, computer GPUs and computer peripherals such as monitors and printers, that turns off the power or switches the system to a low-power state when inactive. In computing this is known as PC power management and is built ...