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Launch of Space Shuttle Columbia on 12 April 1981 at Pad 39A for mission STS-1. The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by NASA (the National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable ...
The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program.
t. e. The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system ...
U.S. Space Shuttle missions were capable of carrying more humans and cargo than the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, resulting in more U.S. short-term human visits until the Space Shuttle program was discontinued in 2011. Between 2011 and 2020, Soyuz was the sole means of human transport to the ISS, delivering mostly long-term crew.
The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya, the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on 20 November 1998. The STS-88 Space Shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity, the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya.
A wide variety of crewed and uncrewed spacecraft have supported the station's activities. Flights to the ISS include 37 Space Shuttle, 83 Progress, [c] 63 Soyuz, 5 ATV, 9 HTV, 2 Boeing Starliner, 30 SpaceX Dragon [d] and 20 Cygnus missions. [46] There are currently twelve available docking ports for visiting spacecraft: [47] Harmony forward ...
Animation of the assembly of the International Space Station The ISS was slowly assembled over more than a decade of spaceflights and crews A view of the completed station as seen from Shuttle Atlantis during STS-132, 23 May 2010. The assembly of the International Space Station, a major endeavour in space architecture, began in November 1998. [9]
This is a list of persons who served aboard Space Shuttle crews, arranged in chronological order by Space Shuttle missions. Abbreviations: PC = Payload Commander. MSE = USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer. Mir = Launched to be part of the crew of the Mir Space Station. ISS = Launched to be part of the crew of the International Space Station.