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Gross rent multiplier ( GRM) is the ratio of the price of a real estate investment to its annual rental income before accounting for expenses such as property taxes, insurance, and utilities; GRM is the number of years the property would take to pay for itself in gross received rent. For a prospective real estate investor, a lower GRM ...
Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [ 1][ 2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.
Lang factor. The Lang Factor is an estimated ratio of the total cost of creating a process within a plant, to the cost of all major technical components. It is widely used in industrial engineering to calculate the capital and operating costs of a plant. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The factors were introduced by H. J. Lang and Dr Micheal Bird in Chemical ...
Profit margin is a financial ratio that measures the percentage of profit earned by a company in relation to its revenue. Expressed as a percentage, it indicates how much profit the company makes for every dollar of revenue generated. Profit margin is important because this percentage provides a comprehensive picture of the operating efficiency ...
Contribution margin (CM), or dollar contribution per unit, is the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit. "Contribution" represents the portion of sales revenue that is not consumed by variable costs and so contributes to the coverage of fixed costs. This concept is one of the key building blocks of break-even analysis.
An average tax rate is the ratio of the total amount of taxes paid to the total tax base (taxable income or spending), expressed as a percentage. [ 2] Average tax rates is used to measure tax burden of individuals and corporations and how taxes affect the individuals and corporations ability to consum. [ 4] Let. t {\displaystyle t}
Affluence refers to an individual's or household's economical and financial advantage in comparison to others. [ 1] It may be assessed through either income or wealth . In absolute terms, affluence is a relatively widespread phenomenon in the United States, with over 30% of households having an income exceeding $100,000 per year and over 30% of ...
Dow Jones-UBS Commodity IndexSM. Fact Sheet. Stated Objective. The. Dow Jones-UBS Commodity IndexSM aims to provide broadly diversified representation of commodity markets as an asset class. Key Features. — The index is made up of exchange-traded futures on physical commodities. — The index represents 19 commodities, which are weighted to ...