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Guile. Emacs Lisp. JavaScript and some dialects, e.g., JScript. Lua (embedded in many games) OpenCL (extension of C and C++ to use the GPU and parallel extensions of the CPU) OptimJ (extension of Java with language support for writing optimization models and powerful abstractions for bulk data processing) Perl.
Combinatorial game theory is a branch of mathematics and theoretical computer science that typically studies sequential games with perfect information. Study has been largely confined to two-player games that have a position that the players take turns changing in defined ways or moves to achieve a defined winning condition.
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function [a] together with an environment. [1] The environment is a mapping associating each free variable of the ...
Run-time type information. In computer programming, run-time type information or run-time type identification ( RTTI) [1] is a feature of some programming languages (such as C++, [2] Object Pascal, and Ada [3]) that exposes information about an object's data type at runtime. Run-time type information may be available for all types or only to ...
Comparison ofprogramming languages. Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer ). Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics . There are thousands of programming languages [1] and new ones are created every year. Few languages ever become sufficiently ...
Syntactic sugar. In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express. It makes the language "sweeter" for human use: things can be expressed more clearly, more concisely, or in an alternative style that some may prefer. Syntactic sugar is usually a shorthand ...
In C++, an abstract class is a class having at least one abstract method given by the appropriate syntax in that language (a pure virtual function in C++ parlance). A class consisting of only pure virtual methods is called a pure abstract base class (or pure ABC) in C++ and is also known as an interface by users of the language.
C++ classes. A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with any of the keywords class, struct or union (the first two are collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers ...