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First, the input is mapped to its multiplicative inverse in GF(2 8) = GF(2) [x]/(x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x + 1), Rijndael's finite field. Zero, as the identity, is mapped to itself. This transformation is known as the Nyberg S-box after its inventor Kaisa Nyberg. [2] The multiplicative inverse is then transformed using the following affine ...
Hexapawn. Hexapawn is a deterministic two-player game invented by Martin Gardner. It is played on a rectangular board of variable size, for example on a 3×3 board or on a regular chessboard. On a board of size n × m, each player begins with m pawns, one for each square in the row closest to them. The goal of each player is to either advance a ...
Intel hexadecimal object file format, Intel hex format or Intellec Hex is a file format that conveys binary information in ASCII text form, [10] making it possible to store on non-binary media such as paper tape, punch cards, etc., to display on text terminals or be printed on line-oriented printers. [11]
Base32 is an encoding method based on the base-32 numeral system.It uses an alphabet of 32 digits, each of which represents a different combination of 5 bits (2 5).Since base32 is not very widely adopted, the question of notation—which characters to use to represent the 32 digits—is not as settled as in the case of more well-known numeral systems (such as hexadecimal), though RFCs and ...
HiGHS is open-source software to solve linear programming (LP), mixed-integer programming (MIP), and convex quadratic programming (QP) models. [1] Written in C++ and published under an MIT license, HiGHS provides programming interfaces to C, Python, Julia, Rust, JavaScript, Fortran, and C#. It has no external dependencies.
A* search algorithm. A* (pronounced "A-star") is a graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm, which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. [1] Given a weighted graph, a source node and a goal node, the algorithm finds the shortest path (with respect to the given weights) from ...
Python 3.3 switched internal storage to use one of ISO-8859-1, UCS-2, or UTF-32 depending on the largest code point in the string. [31] Python 3.12 drops some functionality (for CPython extensions) to make it easier to migrate to UTF-8 for all strings. [32] Java originally used UCS-2, and added UTF-16 supplementary character support in J2SE 5.0.
In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 ...