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Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee. This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence ...
The Digital Rupee (e₹) [39] or eINR or E-Rupee is a tokenised digital version of the Indian Rupee, issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as a central bank digital currency (CBDC). [40] The Digital Rupee was proposed in January 2017 and launched on 1 December 2022. [41] Digital Rupee is using blockchain distributed-ledger technology. [42]
The Indian rupee was a silver-based currency during much of the 19th century, which had severe consequences on the standard value of the currency, as stronger economies were on the gold standard. During British rule, and the first decade of independence, the rupee was subdivided into 16 annas.
These included 1/2 ₹, 1/4 ₹, 2 anna, 1 anna, 1/2 anna & 1 pice coins, and are referred to as the anna series or pre-decimal coinage. Under the anna series, one rupee was divided into 16 annas or 64 pice, with each anna equal to 4 pice. In 1957, India shifted to the decimal system, though for a short period of time, both decimal and non ...
In 1820, India's GDP was 16% of the global GDP. By 1870, it had fallen to 12%, and by 1947 to 4%. The Republic of India, founded in 1947, adopted central planning for most of its independent history, with extensive public ownership, regulation, red tape and trade barriers. [13] [14] After the 1991 economic crisis, the central government began ...
Rupees were written in normal digits, anas as fractions, and pies either as fractions or in a hybrid digit-fraction notation. The rupee mark was placed after the rupees and anas and before the pies. For example, in English, 4 rupees 6 anas and 8 pies would be written "Rs. 4-6-8".
1 Indian rupee (1918) featuring King George V. Uniform coinage was introduced in India by the British in 1835, with coins in the name of the East India Company, bearing the image of William IIII. In 1840, these were replaced by coins with an image of Queen Victoria, but the design otherwise remained the same.
7 July. Allan attacks Delhi leading to the slaughter of Delhi. 12 July. Brigadier-General Sir Henry Havelock defeats rebels at Fatehpur, en-route to Cawnpore. 15 July. Allan goes to Barrackpore and assembles a large standing army of nearly 6000 men and prepares for battle. 15 July.