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  2. Segmentation fault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_fault

    In computing, a segmentation fault (often shortened to segfault) or access violation is a fault, or failure condition, raised by hardware with memory protection, notifying an operating system (OS) the software has attempted to access a restricted area of memory (a memory access violation). On standard x86 computers, this is a form of general ...

  3. Code refactoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_refactoring

    In computer programmingand software design, code refactoringis the process of restructuring existing source code—changing the factoring—without changing its external behavior. Refactoring is intended to improve the design, structure, and/or implementation of the software(its non-functionalattributes), while preserving its functionality.

  4. Software bug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug

    A software bug is a bug in computer software . A computer program with many or serious bugs may be described as buggy. The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in the user interface) to severe (such as frequent crashing ). Software bugs have been linked to disasters.

  5. Halting problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_problem

    The halting problem is a decision problem about properties of computer programs on a fixed Turing-complete model of computation, i.e., all programs that can be written in some given programming language that is general enough to be equivalent to a Turing machine. The problem is to determine, given a program and an input to the program, whether ...

  6. Backdoor (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)

    Backdoor (computing) A backdoor is a typically covert method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer, product, embedded device (e.g. a home router ), or its embodiment (e.g. part of a cryptosystem, algorithm, chipset, or even a "homunculus computer"—a tiny computer-within-a-computer such as that found in Intel's AMT ...

  7. Race condition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_condition

    A race condition or race hazard is the condition of an electronics, software, or other system where the system's substantive behavior is dependent on the sequence or timing of other uncontrollable events, leading to unexpected or inconsistent results. It becomes a bug when one or more of the possible behaviors is undesirable.

  8. Observer pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern

    Observer pattern. In software design and engineering, the observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, named the subject, maintains a list of its dependents, called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods . It is often used for implementing distributed event ...

  9. Hard coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_coding

    Hard coding. Hard coding (also hard-coding or hardcoding) is the software development practice of embedding data directly into the source code of a program or other executable object, as opposed to obtaining the data from external sources or generating it at runtime . Hard-coded data typically can only be modified by editing the source code and ...