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Iron deficiency, or sideropenia, is the state in which a body lacks enough iron to supply its needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen ...
Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level. Iron is both necessary to the body and potentially toxic. Controlling iron levels in the body is a critically important part of many aspects of human health and disease.
Immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromisation, is a state in which the immune system 's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases are acquired ("secondary") due to extrinsic factors that affect the patient's immune system. Examples of these extrinsic factors include ...
The immune system is involved in many aspects of physiological regulation in the body. The immune system interacts intimately with other systems, such as the endocrine [83] [84] and the nervous [85] [86] [87] systems. The immune system also plays a crucial role in embryogenesis (development of the embryo), as well as in tissue repair and ...
Iron in biology. Iron in hemoglobin is the source of the red coloration of vertebrate blood. Hemoglobin diagram. Iron is an important biological element. [ 1][ 2][ 3] It is used in both the ubiquitous iron-sulfur proteins [ 1] and in vertebrates it is used in hemoglobin which is essential for blood and oxygen transport. [ 4]
54,200 (2015) [ 7] Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [ 3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [ 3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [ 1]
The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen 's cell membrane. [ 1] Despite being part of the innate immune ...
Primary immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiencies are disorders in which part of the body's immune system is missing or does not function normally. [1] To be considered a primary immunodeficiency (PID), the immune deficiency must be inborn, not caused by secondary factors such as other disease, drug treatment, or environmental exposure to ...