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An escape beat is a form of cardiac arrhythmia, in this case known as an ectopic beat. It can be considered a form of ectopic pacemaker activity that is unveiled by lack of other pacemakers to stimulate the ventricles. Ventricular pacemaker cells discharge at a slower rate than the SA or AV node. While the SA node typically initiates a rate of ...
Junctional rhythm also called nodal rhythm [2] describes an abnormal heart rhythm resulting from impulses coming from a locus of tissue in the area of the atrioventricular node (AV node), [3] the "junction" between atria and ventricles. Under normal conditions, the heart's sinoatrial node (SA node) determines the rate by which the organ beats ...
The cardiac conduction system ( CCS, also called the electrical conduction system of the heart) [ 1] transmits the signals generated by the sinoatrial node – the heart 's pacemaker, to cause the heart muscle to contract, and pump blood through the body's circulatory system. The pacemaking signal travels through the right atrium to the ...
The atrioventricular node or AV node electrically connects the heart 's atria and ventricles to coordinate beating in the top of the heart; it is part of the electrical conduction system of the heart. [ 1] The AV node lies at the lower back section of the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus, and conducts the normal ...
Purkinje fibers also have the ability of firing at a rate of 20–40 beats per minute if upstream conduction or pacemaking ability is compromised. [9] In contrast, the SA node in normal state can fire at 60-100 beats per minute. [9] In short, they generate action potentials, but at a slower rate than the sinoatrial node. [9]
Cardiac output (CO) is the product of the heart rate (HR), i.e. the number of heartbeats per minute (bpm), and the stroke volume (SV), which is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat; thus giving the formula: [ 3] Values for cardiac output are usually denoted as L/min.
Pacemaker potential. In the pacemaking cells of the heart (e.g., the sinoatrial node ), the pacemaker potential (also called the pacemaker current) is the slow, positive increase in voltage across the cell 's membrane (the membrane potential) that occurs between the end of one action potential and the beginning of the next action potential.
Idioventricular rhythm. An idioventricular rhythm is a cardiac rhythm characterized by a rate of <50 beats per minute (bpm), absence of P waves and widening of the QRS complex. [1] In cases where the heart rate is between 50 and 110 bpm, it is known as accelerated idioventricular rhythm and ventricular tachycardia if the rate exceeds 120 bpm.