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  2. Book cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_cipher

    A book cipher is a cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key . A simple version of such a cipher would use a specific book as the key, and would replace each word of the plaintext by a number that gives the position where that word occurs in that book.

  3. AES implementations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_implementations

    Careful choice must be made in selecting the mode of operation of the cipher. The simplest mode encrypts and decrypts each 128-bit block separately. In this mode, called electronic code book (ECB), blocks that are identical will be encrypted identically; this is entirely insecure. It makes some of the plaintext structure visible in the ciphertext.

  4. Frequency analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis

    In cryptanalysis, frequency analysis (also known as counting letters) is the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breaking classical ciphers . Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in any given stretch of written language, certain letters and combinations of letters ...

  5. Caesar cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher

    In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.

  6. Vigenère cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigenère_cipher

    The Vigenère cipher ( French pronunciation: [viʒnɛːʁ]) is a method of encrypting alphabetic text where each letter of the plaintext is encoded with a different Caesar cipher, whose increment is determined by the corresponding letter of another text, the key . For example, if the plaintext is attacking tonight and the key is ...

  7. Substitution cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher

    t. e. In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. The receiver deciphers the text by ...

  8. Transposition cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transposition_cipher

    Step-by-step process for the double columnar transposition cipher. In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters ( transposition) without changing the characters themselves. Transposition ciphers reorder units of plaintext (typically characters ...

  9. Running key cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_key_cipher

    Running key cipher. In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide a very long keystream. The earliest description of such a cipher was given in 1892 by French mathematician Arthur Joseph Hermann (better known for founding Éditions ...