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5639-0, 5640-8, 15120-9, 56478-1. Blood alcohol content ( BAC ), also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is a measurement of alcohol intoxication used for legal or medical purposes. [1] BAC is expressed as mass of alcohol per volume of blood. In the US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a ...
The short-term effects of alcohol consumption range from a decrease in anxiety and motor skills and euphoria at lower doses to intoxication (drunkenness), to stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia (memory "blackouts"), and central nervous system depression at higher doses. Cell membranes are highly permeable to alcohol, so once it is in ...
The WHO calls alcoholism "a term of long-standing use and variable meaning", and use of the term was disfavored by a 1979 WHO expert committee. In professional and research contexts, the term alcoholism is not currently favored, but rather alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, or alcohol use disorder are used.
Peak blood alcohol concentrations may be estimated by dividing the amount of ethanol ingested by the body weight of the individual and correcting for water dilution. [4] For time-dependent calculations, Swedish professor Erik Widmark developed a model of alcohol pharmacokinetics in the 1920s. [ 119 ]
It is based on the average rate at which someone can reduce blood alcohol concentration level, which is by 0.015 each hour (0.015 grams per 100 milliliters per hour).
An Alco-Sensor IV law enforcement grade breathalyzer. A breathalyzer or breathalyser (a portmanteau of breath and analyzer/analyser ), also called an alcohol meter, is a device for measuring breath alcohol content (BrAC). It is commonly utilized by law enforcement officers whenever they initiate traffic stops.
Alcohol intoxication, also known in overdose as alcohol poisoning, [ 1] commonly described as drunkenness or inebriation, [ 9] is the behavior and physical effects caused by a recent consumption of alcohol. [ 6][ 10] In addition to the toxicity of ethanol, the main psychoactive component of alcoholic beverages, other physiological symptoms may ...
Subjective response to alcohol (SR) refers to an individual's unique experience of the pharmacological effects of alcohol and is a putative risk factor for the development of alcoholism. Subjective effects include both stimulating experiences typically occurring during the beginning of a drinking episode as breath alcohol content (BAC) rises ...