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Edward Lawry Norton. In direct-current circuit theory, Norton's theorem, also called the Mayer–Norton theorem, is a simplification that can be applied to networks made of linear time-invariant resistances, voltage sources, and current sources. At a pair of terminals of the network, it can be replaced by a current source and a single resistor ...
A password manager is a computer program that allows users to store and manage their passwords [1] for local applications or online services such as web applications, online shops or social media. [2] A web browser generally has a built in version of a password manager. These have been criticized frequently as many have stored the passwords in plaintext, allowing hacking attempts.
Counter-based random number generator A counter-based random number generation ( CBRNG, also known as a counter-based pseudo-random number generator, or CBPRNG) is a kind of pseudorandom number generator that uses only an integer counter as its internal state. They are generally used for generating pseudorandom numbers for large parallel computations.
Random.org (stylized as RANDOM.ORG) is a website that produces random numbers based on atmospheric noise. [1] In addition to generating random numbers in a specified range and subject to a specified probability distribution, which is the most commonly done activity on the site, it has free tools to simulate events such as flipping coins ...
RC4-based random number generators Several operating systems include arc4random, an API originating in OpenBSD providing access to a random number generator originally based on RC4. The API allows no seeding, as the function initializes itself using /dev/random. The use of RC4 has been phased out in most systems implementing this API.
Blum Blum Shub. Blum Blum Shub ( B.B.S.) is a pseudorandom number generator proposed in 1986 by Lenore Blum, Manuel Blum and Michael Shub [1] that is derived from Michael O. Rabin 's one-way function. Blum Blum Shub takes the form. where M = pq is the product of two large primes p and q. At each step of the algorithm, some output is derived ...
Random number generator attack The security of cryptographic systems depends on some secret data that is known to authorized persons but unknown and unpredictable to others. To achieve this unpredictability, some randomization is typically employed. Modern cryptographic protocols often require frequent generation of random quantities. Cryptographic attacks that subvert or exploit weaknesses in ...
In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. [1] Salting helps defend against attacks that use precomputed tables (e.g. rainbow tables ), by vastly growing the size of table needed for a successful attack. [2] [3] [4] It also helps protect passwords that ...