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Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons ( HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F), produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane . The most common example is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12). R-12 is also commonly called Freon ...
Chlorine is cycled through the pedosphere via biotic and abiotic processes that lead to this reservoir acting as a sink. [1] [3] [4] [5] The chlorine cycle (Cl) is the biogeochemical cycling of chlorine through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. Chlorine is most commonly found as inorganic chloride ions, or a number of ...
There are various ways in which ozone depletion and climate change are interconnected, but ozone depletion is not a primary cause of climate change. The Earth's atmospheric ozone has two effects on the Earth's temperature balance. Firstly, it absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, leading to the heating of the stratosphere.
A third major source is marine algae, which produce several chlorinated methane and ethane containing compounds. Several thousand complex halocarbons are known to be produced mainly by marine species. Although chlorine compounds are the majority of the discovered compounds, bromides, iodides and fluorides have also been found in nature.
Fluorocarbons are colorless and have high density, up to over twice that of water. They are not miscible with most organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform), but are miscible with some hydrocarbons (e.g., hexane in some cases). They have very low solubility in water, and water has a very low solubility in them (on ...
Atmospheric carbon cycle. Schematic representation of the overall perturbation of the global carbon cycle caused by anthropogenic activities, averaged from 2010 to 2019. [ 1 ] The atmospheric carbon cycle accounts for the exchange of gaseous carbon compounds, primarily carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), between Earth's atmosphere, the oceans, and the ...
Halomethane compounds are derivatives of methane ( CH4) with one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen atoms ( F, Cl, Br, or I ). Halomethanes are both naturally occurring, especially in marine environments, and human-made, most notably as refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and fumigants. Many, including the chlorofluorocarbons ...
1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or R-114, also known as cryofluorane , is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) with the molecular formula ClF 2 CCF 2 Cl. Its primary use has been as a refrigerant. It is a non-flammable gas with a sweetish, chloroform-like odor with the critical point occurring at 145.6 °C and 3.26 MPa. When pressurized or cooled, it is a ...