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  2. Modified Newtonian dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

    Modified Newtonian dynamics. Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's second law to account for observed properties of galaxies. Its primary motivation is to explain galaxy rotation curves without invoking dark matter, and is one of the most well-known theories of this class.

  3. Protoplanetary disk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk

    A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star. The protoplanetary disk may not be considered an accretion disk, while the two are similar. While they are similar, an accretion disk is hotter, and spins much faster.

  4. Stellar kinematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_kinematics

    Barnard's Star is the star with the highest proper motion. [ 1 ] In astronomy, stellar kinematics is the observational study or measurement of the kinematics or motions of stars through space. Stellar kinematics encompasses the measurement of stellar velocities in the Milky Way and its satellites as well as the internal kinematics of more ...

  5. Formation and evolution of the Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of...

    Contents. Formation and evolution of the Solar System. There is evidence that the formation of the Solar System began about 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. [ 1 ] Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary ...

  6. Accretion disk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_disk

    An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffuse material [a] in orbital motion around a massive central body. The central body is most frequently a star. Friction, uneven irradiance, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and other forces induce instabilities causing orbiting material in the disk to spiral inward toward ...

  7. Great Attractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Attractor

    The Great Attractor is a region of gravitational attraction in intergalactic space and the apparent central gravitational point of the Laniakea Supercluster of galaxies that includes the Milky Way galaxy, as well as about 100,000 other galaxies. The observed attraction suggests a localized concentration of mass having the order of 10 16 solar ...

  8. Star formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_formation

    The W51 nebula in Aquila - one of the largest star factories in the Milky Way (August 25, 2020) Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or " star -forming regions", collapse and form stars. [ 1 ] As a branch of astronomy, star formation ...

  9. An unusual object is moving so fast it could escape the Milky ...

    www.aol.com/rare-hypervelocity-star-may-able...

    Citizen scientists spotted an object zipping through the Milky Way at more than 1 million miles an hour, and a new study shows it could be a rare hypervelocity star.