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Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee. This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence ...
The Indian rupee was a silver-based currency during much of the 19th century, which had severe consequences on the standard value of the currency, as stronger economies were on the gold standard. During British rule, and the first decade of independence, the rupee was subdivided into 16 annas.
Silver coin of Skandagupta of Gupta Empire known as Rūpaka (रूपक) in Sanskrit, in the style of the Western Satraps, with peacock on reverse, 455-467 CE. Rupiya issued by the Sher Shah Suri, 1540–1545 CE. The French East India Company issued silver Rupee in the name of Muhammad Shah (1719–1748) for Northern India trade, minted in ...
The Digital Rupee (e₹) [39] or eINR or E-Rupee is a tokenised digital version of the Indian Rupee, issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as a central bank digital currency (CBDC). [40] The Digital Rupee was proposed in January 2017 and launched on 1 December 2022. [41] Digital Rupee is using blockchain distributed-ledger technology. [42]
These included 1/2 ₹, 1/4 ₹, 2 anna, 1 anna, 1/2 anna & 1 pice coins, and are referred to as the anna series or pre-decimal coinage. Under the anna series, one rupee was divided into 16 annas or 64 pice, with each anna equal to 4 pice. In 1957, India shifted to the decimal system, though for a short period of time, both decimal and non ...
The iMac G3, originally released as the iMac, is a series of personal computers sold by Apple Computer from 1998 to 2003. Following Steve Jobs 's return to the financially troubled company that he co-founded, he aggressively restructured its offerings. The iMac was envisioned as Apple's new inexpensive and consumer-friendly desktop product ...
Rupees were written in normal digits, anas as fractions, and pies either as fractions or in a hybrid digit-fraction notation. The rupee mark was placed after the rupees and anas and before the pies. For example, in English, 4 rupees 6 anas and 8 pies would be written "Rs. 4-6-8".
In 1820, India's GDP was 16% of the global GDP. By 1870, it had fallen to 12%, and by 1947 to 4%. The Republic of India, founded in 1947, adopted central planning for most of its independent history, with extensive public ownership, regulation, red tape and trade barriers. [13] [14] After the 1991 economic crisis, the central government began ...