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t. e. Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry ...
Carbonate hardness. Carbonate hardness, is a measure of the water hardness caused by the presence of carbonate ( CO2−. 3) and bicarbonate ( HCO−. 3) anions. Carbonate hardness is usually expressed either in degrees KH ( °dKH) (from the German "Karbonathärte" ), or in parts per million calcium carbonate ( ppm CaCO. 3 or grams CaCO.
Hyperglycemia or Hyperglycaemia is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. This is generally a blood sugar level higher than 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL ), but symptoms may not start to become noticeable until even higher values such as 13.9–16.7 mmol/L (~250–300 mg/dL ).
11 is the second member of the second pair (5, 11) of Brown numbers. Only three such pairs of numbers and where are known; the largest pair (7, 71) satisfies . In this last pair, the factorial of 7 = 5040 is divisible by all integers less than 13, with the exception of 11. More consequentially, 5 is the fifth Heegner number, meaning that the ...
Extracellular calcium levels are approximated to be 12000-fold greater than intracellular levels. During calcium-dependent processes, the intracellular level of calcium rises by up to 100-fold. It is vitally important to regulate this calcium gradient, not least because high levels of calcium are toxic to the cell, and can induce apoptosis. Ca ...
A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous with voltage-gated calcium channel, [ 1] which are a type of calcium channel regulated by changes in membrane potential. Some calcium channels are regulated by the binding of a ligand. [ 2][ 3] Other calcium channels can also be ...
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists [2] are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca 2+ ) through calcium channels . [ 3 ] Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs , i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension .
In the arteries of the brain, high levels of calcium in mitochondria elevates activity of nuclear factor kappa B NF-κB and transcription of CACNA1c and functional Cav1.2 expression increases. [12] Cav1.2 also regulates levels of osteoprotegerin. [13] Ca V 1.2 is inhibited by the action of STIM1. [14]