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Arbitrary code execution. In computer security, arbitrary code execution ( ACE) is an attacker's ability to run any commands or code of the attacker's choice on a target machine or in a target process. [1] An arbitrary code execution vulnerability is a security flaw in software or hardware allowing arbitrary code execution. A program that is ...
In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2] Another type of approach is password spraying, which ...
Since 2011, the firm has published the list based on data examined from millions of passwords leaked in data breaches, mostly in North America and Western Europe, over each year. In the 2016 edition, the 25 most common passwords made up more than 10% of the surveyed passwords, with the most common password of 2016, "123456", making up 4%. [5]
FAAD2 – open-source decoder for Advanced Audio Coding. There is also FAAC, the same project's encoder, but it is proprietary (but still free of charge). libgsm – Lossy compression ; opencore-amr – Lossy compression (AMR and AMR-WB) liba52 – a free ATSC A/52 stream decoder (AC-3) libdca – a free DTS Coherent Acoustics decoder
John the Ripper. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS ). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs [4 ...
Backdoor (computing) A backdoor is a typically covert method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer, product, embedded device (e.g. a home router ), or its embodiment (e.g. part of a cryptosystem, algorithm, chipset, or even a "homunculus computer"—a tiny computer-within-a-computer such as that found in Intel's AMT ...
BLAKE is a cryptographic hash function based on Daniel J. Bernstein 's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants, is added before each ChaCha round. Like SHA-2, there are two variants differing in the word size. ChaCha operates on a 4×4 array of words. BLAKE repeatedly combines an 8-word hash ...
Locally decodable code. A locally decodable code ( LDC) is an error-correcting code that allows a single bit of the original message to be decoded with high probability by only examining (or querying) a small number of bits of a possibly corrupted codeword. [1] [2] [3] This property could be useful, say, in a context where information is being ...