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t. e. In geometry, the circumference (from Latin circumferens, meaning "carrying around") is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse. [ 1] The circumference is the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. [ 2] More generally, the perimeter is the curve length around any closed figure.
The area of a regular polygon is half its perimeter multiplied by the distance from its center to its sides, and because the sequence tends to a circle, the corresponding formula–that the area is half the circumference times the radius–namely, A = 1 2 × 2πr × r, holds for a circle.
The symbol used by mathematicians to represent the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter is the lowercase Greek letter π, sometimes spelled out as pi. [8] In English, π is pronounced as "pie" ( / p aɪ / PY ). [ 9 ]
A sphere rotating around an axis. Points farther from the axis move faster, satisfying ω = v / r. In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω ), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time) or the temporal rate of change of the phase argument of a sinusoidal waveform or sine function ...
The radian, denoted by the symbol rad, is the unit of angle in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. It is defined such that one radian is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc that is equal in length to the radius. [ 2]
Category. v. t. e. In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular arc. It can be uniform, with a constant rate of rotation and constant tangential speed, or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body involves ...
Private information retrieval. In cryptography, a private information retrieval (PIR) protocol is a protocol that allows a user to retrieve an item from a server in possession of a database without revealing which item is retrieved. PIR is a weaker version of 1-out-of- n oblivious transfer, where it is also required that the user should not get ...
Scientists. v. t. e. In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the Biot–Savart law ( / ˈbiːoʊ səˈvɑːr / or / ˈbjoʊ səˈvɑːr /) [ 1] is an equation describing the magnetic field generated by a constant electric current. It relates the magnetic field to the magnitude, direction, length, and proximity of the electric current.