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Nassi–Shneiderman diagrams are only rarely used for formal programming. Their abstraction level is close to structured program code and modifications require the whole diagram to be redrawn, but graphic editors removed that limitation. They clarify algorithms and high-level designs, which make them useful in teaching.
Fisher–Yates shuffle. The Fisher–Yates shuffle is an algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence. The algorithm takes a list of all the elements of the sequence, and continually determines the next element in the shuffled sequence by randomly drawing an element from the list until no elements remain. [ 1] The algorithm produces an unbiased ...
Pseudocode. In computer science, pseudocode is a description of the steps in an algorithm using a mix of conventions of programming languages (like assignment operator, conditional operator, loop) with informal, usually self-explanatory, notation of actions and conditions. [ 1][ 2] Although pseudocode shares features with regular programming ...
Algorithm. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( / ˈælɡərɪðəm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [ 1] Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing.
A simple flowchart representing a process for dealing with a non-functioning lamp. A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task. The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their ...
A structure chart (SC) in software engineering and organizational theory is a chart which shows the breakdown of a system to its lowest manageable levels. [2] They are used in structured programming to arrange program modules into a tree. Each module is represented by a box, which contains the module's name.
The structured program theorem, also called the Böhm–Jacopini theorem, [1] [2] is a result in programming language theory. It states that a class of control-flow graphs (historically called flowcharts in this context) can compute any computable function if it combines subprograms in only three specific ways ( control structures ). These are.
Otsu's method. In computer vision and image processing, Otsu's method, named after Nobuyuki Otsu (大津展之, Ōtsu Nobuyuki), is used to perform automatic image thresholding. [ 1] In the simplest form, the algorithm returns a single intensity threshold that separate pixels into two classes, foreground and background.