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  2. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    t. e. The number π ( / paɪ /; spelled out as " pi ") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics.

  3. Euler's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_identity

    In mathematics, Euler's identity[ note 1] (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality where. is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It is a special case of Euler's formula when evaluated for .

  4. List of formulae involving π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_formulae_involving_π

    mathematical constant π. 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433... The following is a list of significant formulae involving the mathematical constant π. Many of these formulae can be found in the article Pi, or the article Approximations of π .

  5. Circumference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumference

    t. e. In geometry, the circumference (from Latin circumferens, meaning "carrying around") is the perimeter of a circle or ellipse. [ 1] The circumference is the arc length of the circle, as if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. [ 2] More generally, the perimeter is the curve length around any closed figure.

  6. Approximations of π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximations_of_π

    ((x),(y) = {239, 13 2} is a solution to the Pell equation x 22 y 2 = −1.) Formulae of this kind are known as Machin-like formulae. Machin's particular formula was used well into the computer era for calculating record numbers of digits of π, [39] but more recently other similar formulae have been used as well.

  7. List of mathematical constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_constants

    Name Symbol Decimal expansion Formula Year Set One: 1 1 Prehistory Two: 2 2 Prehistory One half: 1/2 0.5 Prehistory Pi: 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 [Mw 1] [OEIS 1]: Ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

  8. Leibniz formula for π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_formula_for_π

    In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for π, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that. an alternating series . It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series ), [ 1] and was later ...

  9. Proof that π is irrational - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_that_π_is_irrational

    v. t. e. In the 1760s, Johann Heinrich Lambert was the first to prove that the number π is irrational, meaning it cannot be expressed as a fraction , where and are both integers. In the 19th century, Charles Hermite found a proof that requires no prerequisite knowledge beyond basic calculus.