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  2. Phrases from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrases_from_The_Hitchhiker...

    The shape of the islands in the background spells out 42, and there are 42 coloured balls. The 42 Puzzle is a game devised by Douglas Adams in 1994 for the United States series of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy books. The puzzle is an illustration consisting of 42 multi-coloured balls, in 7 columns and 6 rows.

  3. Alan Turing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing

    Alan Mathison Turing OBE FRS ( / ˈtjʊərɪŋ /; 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. [5] He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation ...

  4. Type B Cipher Machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_B_Cipher_Machine

    Analog of the Japanese Type B Cipher Machine (codenamed Purple) built by the U.S. Army Signal Intelligence Service Purple analog in use. In the history of cryptography, the "System 97 Typewriter for European Characters" (九七式欧文印字機 kyūnana-shiki ōbun injiki) or "Type B Cipher Machine", codenamed Purple by the United States, was an encryption machine used by the Japanese Foreign ...

  5. Ricky McCormick's encrypted notes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky_McCormick's_encrypted...

    The partially decomposed body of Ricky McCormick was discovered in a field in St. Charles County, Missouri on June 30, 1999. Sheriffs found two garbled hand-written notes – apparently written in secret code – in the victim's pockets, and these were handed over to the FBI for further investigation. Attempts by the FBI's Cryptanalysis and ...

  6. 42 (number) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_(number)

    Forty-two (42) is the sixth pronic number [ 1] and the eighth abundant number, [ 2] with an abundance of 12, [ 3] equal to the average of its eight divisors as an arithmetic number. [ 4][ 5] Its prime factorization makes it the second sphenic number, and also the second of the form . [ 6] 42 is the aliquot sum of 30, [ 7] the smallest sphenic ...

  7. Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirenberg_and_Matthaei...

    The Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment was a scientific experiment performed in May 1961 by Marshall W. Nirenberg and his post-doctoral fellow, J. Heinrich Matthaei, at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The experiment deciphered the first of the 64 triplet codons in the genetic code by using nucleic acid homopolymers to translate specific ...

  8. Elizebeth Smith Friedman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizebeth_Smith_Friedman

    Elizebeth Smith Friedman (August 26, 1892 – October 31, 1980) was an American cryptanalyst and author who deciphered enemy codes in both World Wars and helped to solve international smuggling cases during Prohibition. Over the course of her career, she worked for the United States Treasury, Coast Guard, Navy and Army, and the International ...

  9. Genetic code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

    The genetic code is a key part of the history of life, according to one version of which self-replicating RNA molecules preceded life as we know it. This is the RNA world hypothesis . Under this hypothesis, any model for the emergence of the genetic code is intimately related to a model of the transfer from ribozymes (RNA enzymes) to proteins ...