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Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, and has a mild saline taste. It is produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as corn or beets, and then, by neutralizing the resulting lactic acid [4] to create a compound having the formula NaC 3 H 5 O 3 . Sodium lactate, in the form of Ringer's lactate solution, is used as a medication ...
Lactic acidosis is a medical condition characterized by a build-up of lactate (especially L -lactate) in the body, with formation of an excessively low pH in the bloodstream. It is a form of metabolic acidosis, in which excessive acid accumulates due to a problem with the body's oxidative metabolism . Lactic acidosis is typically the result of ...
Lactic acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers. One is known as L -lactic acid, ( S )-lactic acid, or (+)-lactic acid, and the other, its mirror image, is D -lactic acid, ( R )-lactic acid, or (−)-lactic acid. A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL -lactic acid, or racemic lactic acid. Lactic acid is hygroscopic.
Ringer's lactate solution ( RL ), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's, and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. [1] It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. [2]
Naproxen, sold under the brand name Aleve among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain, menstrual cramps, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout and fever. [ 8] It is taken orally. [ 8] It is available in immediate and delayed release formulations. [ 8]
Generally, metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid (e.g., lactic acidosis, see below section), there is a loss of bicarbonate from the blood, or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. Chronic metabolic acidosis is most often caused by a decreased capacity of the kidneys to excrete excess acids ...
Lactulose. Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. [3] [4] It is administered orally for constipation, and either orally or rectally for hepatic encephalopathy. [3] It generally begins working after 8–12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation.
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [25] : 1475.