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2. Two- and four-stroke engines - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines

   The shaft of the four-stroke piston rotates twice as fast as the shaft of the two-stroke piston, and the two-stroke part always runs at half speed. This ensures that both parts work optimally regarding fuel consumption at all times. The same principles apply to having two distinct engines, but the design of the M4+2 is much simpler.

3. DNA polymerase II - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_polymerase_II

   DNA Polymerase II. (str. K-12 substr. MG1655) DNA polymerase II (also known as DNA Pol II or Pol II) is a prokaryotic DNA-dependent DNA polymerase encoded by the PolB gene. [ 1] DNA Polymerase II is an 89.9-kDa protein and is a member of the B family of DNA polymerases. It was originally isolated by Thomas Kornberg in 1970, and characterized ...

4. RNA polymerase II - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase_II

   RNA polymerase II ( RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. [ 1][ 2] It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. [ 3] A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA ...

5. Four-stroke engine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine

   Four-stroke cycle used in gasoline/petrol engines: intake (1), compression (2), power (3), and exhaust (4). The right blue side is the intake port and the left brown side is the exhaust port. The cylinder wall is a thin sleeve surrounding the piston head which creates a space for the combustion of fuel and the genesis of mechanical energy.

6. Component parts of internal combustion engines - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_parts_of...

   An illustration of several key components in a typical four-stroke engine. For a four-stroke engine, key parts of the engine include the crankshaft (purple), connecting rod (orange), one or more camshafts (red and blue), and valves. For a two-stroke engine, there may simply be an exhaust outlet and fuel inlet instead of a valve system.

7. Otto cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_cycle

   The Otto cycle is a description of what happens to a gas as it is subjected to changes of pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The gas that is subjected to those changes is called the system. The system, in this case, is defined to be the fluid (gas) within the cylinder.