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Note that until Euro 5, there were no PM limits. The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and European Economic Area member states and the United Kingdom, and ships in EU waters. [ 1][ 2] The standards are defined in a series of European ...
In November 2013, the first stage of the stringent Euro 5 emission standards for light vehicles was introduced, which includes cars and light commercial vehicles. [74] The development of emission standards for highway vehicles and engines is coordinated by the National Transport Commission (NTC) and the regulations—Australian Design Rules ...
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines. The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides. Starting in the 1950s and 1960s, various ...
Ohio v. EPA, No. 23A349, 603 U.S. ___ (2024) The Clean Air Act ( CAA) is the United States' primary federal air quality law, intended to reduce and control air pollution nationwide. Initially enacted in 1963 and amended many times since, it is one of the United States' first and most influential modern environmental laws .
Emissions from all non-road engines are regulated by categories. [47] In the United States, the emission standards for non-road diesel engines are published in the US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 89 (40 CFR Part 89). Tier 1–3 Standards were adopted in 1994 and was phased in between 1996 and 2000 for engines over 37 kW (50 hp ...
Vehicle emissions inspection station in Wisconsin. Arizona – biennially, in Phoenix and Tucson metro areas only, depending on age and type of vehicle. [28]California – biennially for all vehicles from out-of-state, regardless of age; and all vehicles made after 1975 which are more than six years old in all or some zip codes in 41 out of 58 counties.
Also other battery electric vehicles, which may shift emissions to the location where the electricity is generated (if the electricity comes from coal or natural gas power plants—as opposed to hydro-electric, wind power, solar power or nuclear power plants); [5] and fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen, which may shift emissions to the location where the hydrogen is generated.
Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the main greenhouse gas resulting from human activities. It accounts for more than half of warming. Methane (CH 4) emissions have almost the same short-term impact. [ 5] Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and fluorinated gases (F-gases) play a lesser role in comparison.