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In political science, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. [ 1] Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force ( coercion) by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions ).
Economic power is grounded in “the human need to extract, transform, distribute, and consume the products of nature.” Military power pertains to “the social organization of concentrated and lethal violence.” Political power is “the centralized and territorial regulation of social life.” [14] In this model:
The Anatomy of Power is a book written by Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith, originally published in 1983 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. [3] It sought to classify three types of power: compensatory power in which submission is bought, condign power in which submission is won by making the alternative sufficiently painful, and conditioned ...
The original French and Raven (1959) model included five bases of power – reward, coercion, legitimate, expert, and referent – however, informational power was added by Raven in 1965, bringing the total to six. [ 5] Since then, the model has gone through very significant developments: coercion and reward can have personal as well as ...
Political science is a social study concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making, the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations, political behaviour, and public policies. It measures the success of governance and specific policies by examining many factors, including stability ...
Elite theory. In philosophy, political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relationships in society. The theory posits that a small minority, consisting of members of the economic elite and policymaking networks, holds the most power—and that this power is independent of ...
In international relations, power is defined in several different ways. [ 1] Material definitions of state power emphasize economic and military power. [ 2][ 3][ 4] Other definitions of power emphasize the ability to structure and constitute the nature of social relations between actors. [ 1][ 4] Power is an attribute of particular actors in ...
In political science, legitimacy is the right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime. Whereas authority denotes a specific position in an established government, the term legitimacy denotes a system of government—wherein government denotes "sphere of influence". An authority viewed as legitimate often has the ...