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Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant breath odour is present. [1] It can result in anxiety among those affected. [1] It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. [1] The concerns of bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases. [2]
Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is a subjective complaint of dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause. [ 1] This symptom is very common and is often seen as a side effect of many types of medication.
Olfactory reference syndrome. Olfactory reference syndrome ( ORS) is a psychiatric condition in which there is a persistent false belief and preoccupation with the idea of emitting abnormal body odors which the patient thinks are foul and offensive to other individuals. [1] [2] People with this condition often misinterpret others' behaviors, e ...
Gingivostomatitis is a combination of gingivitis and stomatitis, or an inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingiva. [1] Herpetic gingivostomatitis is often the initial presentation during the first ("primary") herpes simplex infection. It is of greater severity than herpes labialis (cold sores) which is often the subsequent presentations.
Tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths, are mineralizations of debris within the crevices of the tonsils. [ 1][ 3] When not mineralized, the presence of debris is known as chronic caseous tonsillitis ( CCT ). [ 1] Symptoms may include bad breath, [ 1] foreign body sensation, sore throat, pain or discomfort with swallowing, and cough. [ 4]
t. e. Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome ( BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule .
Post-nasal drip. Post-nasal drip ( PND ), also known as upper airway cough syndrome ( UACS ), occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa. The excess mucus accumulates in the back of the nose, and eventually in the throat once it drips down the back of the throat. It can be caused by rhinitis, sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux ...
Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), also known as chronic hyperventilation syndrome (CHVS), dysfunctional breathing hyperventilation syndrome, cryptotetany, spasmophilia, latent tetany, and central neuronal hyper excitability syndrome (NHS), is a respiratory disorder, psychologically or physiologically based, involving breathing too deeply or too rapidly (hyperventilation).