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As specific gravity was the basis for the Balling, Brix and Plato tables, dissolved sugar content was originally estimated by measurement of specific gravity using a hydrometer or pycnometer. In modern times, hydrometers are still widely used, but where greater accuracy is required, an electronic oscillating U-tube meter may be employed.
Specific gravity for liquids is nearly always measured with respect to water at its densest (at 4 °C or 39.2 °F); for gases, the reference is air at room temperature (20 °C or 68 °F). The term "relative density" (abbreviated r.d. or RD ) is preferred in SI , whereas the term "specific gravity" is gradually being abandoned.
The specific weight, also known as the unit weight (symbol γ, the Greek letter gamma ), is a volume-specific quantity defined as the weight per unit volume of a material. A commonly used value is the specific weight of water on Earth at 4 °C (39 °F), which is 9.807 kilonewtons per cubic metre or 62.43 pounds-force per cubic foot.
Dimension. L 2 ⋅T −2 ⋅K −1. In thermodynamics, the specific heat capacity (symbol c) of a substance is the amount of heat that must be added to one unit of mass of the substance in order to cause an increase of one unit in temperature. It is also referred to as massic heat capacity or as the specific heat. More formally it is the heat ...
Energy density. In physics, energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume. It is sometimes confused with energy per unit mass which is properly called specific energy or gravimetric energy density . Often only the useful or extractable energy is measured, which is to say that inaccessible ...
The relationship between specific gravity (s.g.; i.e., water-specific gravity, the density relative to water) and degrees Baumé is a function of the temperature. Different versions of the scale may use different reference temperatures. Different conversions formulae can therefore be found in various handbooks.
Density ( volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho ), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.
Specific gravity is the density of a liquid relative to that of water, i.e., if the density of the liquid is 1.05 times that of water, it has a specific gravity of 1.05. In UK brewing usage, it is customary to regard the reference value for water to be 1000, so the specific gravity of the same example beer would be quoted as 1050.