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Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes, with the other 10% due primarily to type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes. [1] In type 1 diabetes , there is a lower total level of insulin to control blood glucose, due to an autoimmune induced loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas .
Slowly evolving immune-mediated diabetes, or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ( LADA ), is a form of diabetes that exhibits clinical features similar to both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), [ 3][ 4] and is sometimes referred to as type 1.5 diabetes. [ 5] It is an autoimmune form of diabetes, similar to T1D, but patients ...
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, a form of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome also known as APS-II, or PAS II, is the most common form of the polyglandular failure syndromes. [ 2] PAS II is defined as the association between autoimmune Addison's disease and either autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, or both. [ 5]
4.2 million (2019) [ 9] Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [ 10][ 11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [ 12]
Impaired fasting glucose is a type of prediabetes, in which a person's blood sugar levels during fasting are consistently above the normal range, but below the diagnostic cut-off for a formal diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. [ 2] Together with impaired glucose tolerance, it is a sign of insulin resistance.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ( HHS ), also known as hyperosmolar non-ketotic state ( HONK ), is a complication of diabetes mellitus in which high blood sugar results in high osmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. [ 4][ 5] Symptoms include signs of dehydration, weakness, leg cramps, vision problems, and an altered level of ...
The progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus is not inevitable for those with prediabetes. The progression into diabetes mellitus from prediabetes is approximately 25% over three to five years. [42] This increases to 50% risk of progressing to diabetes over 10 years. Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
In the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 1995) study, the annual incidence of neuropathy was 2% per year but dropped to 0.56% with intensive treatment of Type 1 diabetics. The progression of neuropathy is dependent on the degree of glycemic control in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.