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Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome. Down syndrome varies in severity among individuals, causing lifelong intellectual disability and developmental delays.
Down syndrome is a set of cognitive and physical symptoms that result from having an extra chromosome 21 or an extra piece of that chromosome. It is the most common chromosomal cause of mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. People with Down syndrome are at risk for several other health conditions.
Screening for Down syndrome is offered as a routine part of prenatal care. Although screening tests can only identify your risk of carrying a baby with Down syndrome, they can help you make decisions about more-specific diagnostic tests. Screening tests include the first trimester combined test and the integrated screening test.
The symptoms of Down syndrome vary from person to person, and people with Down syndrome may have different problems at different times of their lives. Physical Symptoms. Common physical signs of Down syndrome include 1, 2: Decreased or poor muscle tone; Short neck, with excess skin at the back of the neck; Flattened facial profile and nose
Infants with Down syndrome have a 62-fold higher rate of pneumonia, especially in the first year after birth, than do infants without Down syndrome, for example. 2 Hypothyroidism. The thyroid is a gland that makes hormones the body uses to regulate things such as temperature and energy.
Algunos niños con síndrome de Down presentan anomalías gastrointestinales, que pueden comprender anomalías de los intestinos, el esófago, la tráquea y el ano. Pueden presentar mayor riesgo de tener problemas digestivos, como obstrucción gastrointestinal, acidez estomacal (reflujo gastroesofágico) o enfermedad celíaca.
Generally, children with Down syndrome reach key developmental milestones later than other children. 2 People with the syndrome are also more likely to be born with heart abnormalities, and they are at increased risk for developing hearing and vision problems, Alzheimer’s disease, and other conditions. 1 However, with appropriate support and ...
Almost all Down syndrome cases result from complete trisomy 21. 1, 2, 3; Mosaic trisomy 21. Not every cell in the body is exactly the same. In a small percentage (less than 5%) of Down syndrome cases, most of the cells in the body have the extra chromosome, but some of them don’t. This is called “mosaicism.”
Down syndrome is the most frequent chromosomal cause of mild to moderate intellectual disability, and it occurs in all ethnic and economic groups. 2. Researchers know some, but not all, of the risk factors for Down syndrome. For example, parents who have a child with Down syndrome or another chromosomal disorder, or who have a chromosomal ...
A diagnosis of Down syndrome after birth is often based initially on physical signs of the syndrome. But because individuals with Down syndrome may not have these symptoms, and because many of these symptoms are common in the general population, the health care provider will take a sample of the baby’s blood to confirm the diagnosis.