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Guile. Emacs Lisp. JavaScript and some dialects, e.g., JScript. Lua (embedded in many games) OpenCL (extension of C and C++ to use the GPU and parallel extensions of the CPU) OptimJ (extension of Java with language support for writing optimization models and powerful abstractions for bulk data processing) Perl.
This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such as HTML or XML, but does include domain-specific languages such as SQL and its ...
Most widely used, statically typed programming languages require the types of variables to be specified explicitly. In some languages, types are implicit; one form of this is when the compiler can infer types based on context. The downside of implicit typing is the potential for errors to go undetected. [89]
Like natural languages, programming languages follow rules for syntax and semantics. There are thousands of programming languages [1] and new ones are created every year. Few languages ever become sufficiently popular that they are used by more than a few people, but professional programmers may use dozens of languages in a career.
Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented programming and structured programming are fully supported, and many of their features support functional programming and aspect-oriented programming (including metaprogramming [70] and metaobjects ). [71] Many other paradigms are supported via extensions, including design by ...
Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [ 1][ 2] It involves designing and implementing algorithms, step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages. Programmers typically use high-level programming ...
C++ Programming at Wikibooks. C++ ( / ˈsiː plʌs plʌs /, pronounced " C plus plus " and sometimes abbreviated as CPP) is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup.
Functional programming languages are typically less efficient in their use of CPU and memory than imperative languages such as C and Pascal. [83] This is related to the fact that some mutable data structures like arrays have a very straightforward implementation using present hardware.