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2. Absolute value - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_value

   The absolute value of a number may be thought of as its distance from zero. In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number , denoted , is the non-negative value of without regard to its sign. Namely, if is a positive number, and if is negative (in which case negating makes positive), and . For example, the absolute value of 3 is ...

3. Golden ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_ratio

   The golden ratio is also an algebraic number and even an algebraic integer. It has minimal polynomial. This quadratic polynomial has two roots, and. The golden ratio is also closely related to the polynomial. which has roots and As the root of a quadratic polynomial, the golden ratio is a constructible number.

4. Duration (finance) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duration_(finance)

   Consider a bond with a $1000 face value, 5% coupon rate and 6.5% annual yield, with maturity in 5 years. [26] The steps to compute duration are the following: 1. Estimate the bond value The coupons will be $50 in years 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then, on year 5, the bond will pay coupon and principal, for a total of $1050.

5. Eigenface - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenface

   Eigenface. An eigenface ( / ˈaɪɡən -/ EYE-gən-) is the name given to a set of eigenvectors when used in the computer vision problem of human face recognition. [1] The approach of using eigenfaces for recognition was developed by Sirovich and Kirby and used by Matthew Turk and Alex Pentland in face classification.

6. Valuation (algebra) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuation_(algebra)

   Valuation (algebra) In algebra (in particular in algebraic geometry or algebraic number theory ), a valuation is a function on a field that provides a measure of the size or multiplicity of elements of the field. It generalizes to commutative algebra the notion of size inherent in consideration of the degree of a pole or multiplicity of a zero ...

7. Bond valuation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_valuation

   v. t. e. Bond valuation is the process by which an investor arrives at an estimate of the theoretical fair value, or intrinsic worth, of a bond. As with any security or capital investment, the theoretical fair value of a bond is the present value of the stream of cash flows it is expected to generate. Hence, the value of a bond is obtained by ...

8. Floor and ceiling functions - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions

   Floor function. Ceiling function. In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor (x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the smallest integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil (x).

9. Face (geometry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_(geometry)

   In elementary geometry, a face is a polygon [note 1] on the boundary of a polyhedron. [2] [3] Other names for a polygonal face include polyhedron side and Euclidean plane tile . For example, any of the six squares that bound a cube is a face of the cube. Sometimes "face" is also used to refer to the 2-dimensional features of a 4-polytope.