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Central chemoreceptors of the central nervous system, located on the ventrolateral medullary surface in the vicinity of the exit of the 9th and 10th cranial nerves, are sensitive to the pH of their environment. These act to detect the changes in pH of nearby cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that are indicative of altered oxygen or carbon dioxide ...
Control of ventilation. The control of ventilation is the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Ventilation facilitates respiration. Respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and balancing of carbon dioxide by the body as a whole, or by individual cells in ...
Chemoreceptor. A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor which transduces a chemical substance ( endogenous or induced) to generate a biological signal. [ 1] This signal may be in the form of an action potential, if the chemoreceptor is a neuron, [ 2] or in the form of a neurotransmitter that can activate a ...
Peripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations. [ 1 ] As transducers of patterns of variability in the surrounding environment, carotid and aortic bodies count as chemosensors in ...
The word hemodynamics ( / ˌhiːmədaɪˈnæmɪks, - moʊ -/ [ 40]) uses combining forms of hemo- (which comes from the ancient Greek haima, meaning blood) and dynamics, thus "the dynamics of blood ". The vowel of the hemo- syllable is variously written according to the ae/e variation . Blood hammer. Blood pressure.
Hypoxemia refers to insufficient oxygen in the blood. Thus any cause that influences the rate or volume of air entering the lungs ( ventilation) or any cause that influences the transfer of air from the lungs to the blood may cause hypoxemia. As well as these respiratory causes, cardiovascular causes such as shunts may also result in hypoxemia.
Glomus cells are the cell type mainly located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies. Glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors which sense the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH levels of the blood. When there is a decrease in the blood's pH, a decrease in oxygen (pO 2 ), or an increase in carbon dioxide ( pCO 2 ), the carotid bodies and ...
The canonical haemodynamic response function (HRF). The spike indicates a brief intense period of neuron stimulation, which requires increased blood and nutrient flow. As the needs of the neuronal activity are met, blood flow returns to homeostatic levels. In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and ...