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2. Password strength - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength

   Password strength. Options menu of the random password generation tool in KeePass. Enabling more character subsets raises the strength of generated passwords a small amount, whereas increasing their length raises the strength a large amount. Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password against guessing or brute-force attacks.

3. Password cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

   In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2] Another type of approach is password spraying, which ...

4. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

   A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [1] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...

5. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

   John the Ripper. John the Ripper is a free password cracking software tool. [3] Originally developed for the Unix operating system, it can run on fifteen different platforms (eleven of which are architecture-specific versions of Unix, DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS ). It is among the most frequently used password testing and breaking programs [4 ...

6. Key stretching - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

   Passwords or passphrases created by humans are often short or predictable enough to allow password cracking, and key stretching is intended to make such attacks more difficult by complicating a basic step of trying a single password candidate. Key stretching also improves security in some real-world applications where the key length has been ...

7. L0phtCrack - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0phtCrack

   L0phtCrack. L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery application originally produced by Mudge from L0pht Heavy Industries. It is used to test password strength and sometimes to recover lost Microsoft Windows passwords, by using dictionary, brute-force, hybrid attacks, and rainbow tables. [3] The initial version was released in the Spring ...

8. Crack (password software) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_(password_software)

   Crack was the first standalone password cracker for Unix systems and the first to introduce programmable dictionary generation as well. Crack began in 1990 when Alec Muffett, a Unix system administrator at the University of Wales Aberystwyth, was trying to improve Dan Farmer's pwc cracker in COPS. Muffett found that by re-engineering the memory ...

9. Password fatigue - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_fatigue

   Third-party (add-on) password management software such as KeePass and Password Safe can help mitigate the problem of password fatigue by storing passwords in a database encrypted with a single password. However, this presents problems similar to that of single sign-on in that losing the single password prevents access to all the other passwords ...