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Paper wasp (Polistes major) nest (); exposed comb Paper wasp growth stages Yellowjacket nest (); concealed combPaper wasps are a type of vespid wasps.The term is typically used to refer to members of the vespid subfamily Polistinae, though it often colloquially includes members of the subfamilies Vespinae (hornets and yellowjackets) and Stenogastrinae, which also make nests out of paper.
Colony stages can be separated into three stages based on nest content: pre-emergence (nest initiation to first adult), emergence-enlargement (emergence of first adult to beginning brood decline), and post-enlargement (no further new cell addition). The total number of wasps in the colony can be well over 200. [10]
After winter, as wasps leave their winter areas and return to their nests, an increase in relatedness occurs in the early nest phase. In later stages of the nest, more unrelated wasps are found, which could be because new wasps join established nests. [46]
Gall wasps, also traditionally called gallflies, are hymenopterans of the family Cynipidae in the wasp superfamily Cynipoidea. Their common name comes from the galls they induce on plants for larval development. About 1,300 species of this generally very small creature (1–8 millimetres (0.039–0.315 in)) are known worldwide, [ 1] with about ...
Paper wasp nests are specialized nurseries full of dead bugs, wasp larvae, and hexagon comb structures.
Ropalidia revolutionalis is an independent-founding wasp species that begins building nests each spring. Each nest is founded by a small association of females that begin by creating a single comb. During this pre-emergence stage, the number of egg-laying females decreases to only one being present in the nest (haplometrosis).
Synoeca septentrionalis is one of five species of wasps in the genus Synoeca. [ 1] It is a swarm-founding wasp that is also eusocial, [ 2] exhibiting complicated nest structure and defense mechanisms [ 3] and a colony cycle including a pre-emergence phase and a post-emergence phase. [ 4] It is typically found in areas from Central to South ...
The different species of wasps were seen to coexist without conflict. The evolutionary significance of joint nesting is unclear. Proposed hypotheses include the fact that it might represent the beginning stages of interspecific mutualism or exploitation. [6] Nest reuse has been observed in Polistes metricus species. It is common for a foundress ...
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