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  2. African Continental Free Trade Area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Continental_Free...

    The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) [11] is a free trade area encompassing most of Africa. [12] [13] [14] It was established in 2018 by the African Continental Free Trade Agreement, which has 43 parties and another 11 signatories, making it the largest free-trade area by number of member states, after the World Trade Organization, [15] and the largest in population and geographic ...

  3. Free trade agreements of Canada - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of...

    Canada is a founding member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1 January 1995, having been an original GATT member since 1 January 1948.. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which is held with Canada by the United States and Mexico, came into force on 1 January 1994, creating the largest free trade region in the world by GDP.

  4. History of the World Trade Organization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Trade...

    The GATT was the only multilateral instrument governing international trade from 1946 until the WTO was established on 1 January 1995. [9] Despite attempts in the mid-1950s and 1960s to create some form of institutional mechanism for international trade, the GATT continued to operate for almost half a century as a semi-institutionalized multilateral treaty regime on a provisional basis. [10]

  5. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on...

    One of the most significant changes was the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The 76 existing GATT members and the European Communities became the founding members of the WTO on 1 January 1995. The other 51 GATT members rejoined the WTO in the following two years (the last being Congo in 1997). Since the founding of the WTO, 33 ...

  6. General Agreement on Trade in Services - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade...

    The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is a treaty of the World Trade Organization (WTO) which entered into force in January 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round negotiations. The treaty was created to extend the multilateral trading system to service sector , in the same way the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT ...

  7. Spaghetti bowl effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_bowl_effect

    The term was first used by Jagdish Bhagwati in 1995 in the paper: “US Trade policy: The infatuation with free trade agreements”, [1] where he openly criticized FTAs as being paradoxically counter-productive in promoting freer and more opened global trades. According to Bhagwati, too many crisscrossing FTAs would allow countries to adopt ...

  8. Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of...

    Following its withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom began negotiations on several free trade agreements to remove or reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, both to establish new agreements and to replace previous EU trade agreements.

  9. Beef hormone controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy

    The WTO Appellate Body affirmed the WTO Panel conclusion in a report adopted by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body on 13 February 1998. Section 208 of this report says: [W]e find that the European Communities did not actually proceed to an assessment, within the meaning of Articles 5.1 and 5.2, of the risks arising from the failure of observance of good veterinary practice combined with problems ...