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Lunar resources. An artificially colored mosaic constructed from a series of 53 images taken through three spectral filters by Galileo's imaging system as the spacecraft flew over the northern regions of the Moon on 7 December 1992. The colors indicate different materials. A lunar anorthosite rock collected by the Apollo 16 crew from near the ...
Atmosphere of the Moon. The thin lunar atmosphere is visible on the Moon's surface at sunrise and sunset with the lunar horizon glow [ 1] and lunar twilight rays, like Earth's crepuscular rays. This Apollo 17 sketch depicts the glow and rays [ 2] among the general zodiacal light [ 3][ 4]. The atmosphere of the Moon is a very sparse layer of ...
The Moon is Earth 's only natural satellite. It orbits at an average distance of 384,400 km (238,900 mi), about 30 times the diameter of Earth. Tidal forces between Earth and the Moon have over time synchronized the Moon's orbital period ( lunar month) with its rotation period ( lunar day) at 29.5 Earth days, causing the same side of the Moon ...
Photosynthesis had another major impact. Oxygen was toxic; much life on Earth probably died out as its levels rose in what is known as the oxygen catastrophe. Resistant forms survived and thrived, and some developed the ability to use oxygen to increase their metabolism and obtain more energy from the same food. [113]
The giant-impact hypothesis, sometimes called the Theia Impact, is an astrogeology hypothesis for the formation of the Moon first proposed in 1946 by Canadian geologist Reginald Daly. The hypothesis suggests that the Early Earth collided with a Mars -sized protoplanet of the same orbit approximately 4.5 billion years ago in the early Hadean eon ...
The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of oxygen atoms between different oxidation states in ions, oxides, and molecules through redox reactions within and between the spheres/reservoirs of the planet Earth. [ 1] The word oxygen in the literature typically refers to the most common oxygen allotrope, elemental/diatomic oxygen (O 2 ), as it ...
The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans ), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes ), all retained by Earth's gravity.
First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon. Touchdown on 3 February 1966 at 18:45:30 UTC. [38] Returned data until 6 February at 22:55 UTC. [39] With its soft landing, the Soviet Union became the first country to successfully land on the lunar surface. 38: Kosmos 111 (E-6S No.204) Kosmos 111: 1 March 1966: Molniya-M: Lavochkin: Orbiter ...