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In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm ( GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems by relying on biologically inspired ...
Here x is the size of the population at a given time, r is inherent per-capita growth rate, and K is the carrying capacity.. Two species. Given two populations, x 1 and x 2, with logistic dynamics, the Lotka–Volterra formulation adds an additional term to account for the species' interactions.
Lotka–Volterra equations. The Lotka–Volterra equations, also known as the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model, are a pair of first-order nonlinear differential equations, frequently used to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey. The populations change through ...
v. t. e. In applied mathematics, in particular the context of nonlinear system analysis, a phase plane is a visual display of certain characteristics of certain kinds of differential equations; a coordinate plane with axes being the values of the two state variables, say ( x, y ), or ( q, p) etc. (any pair of variables).
Vapor lock. Vapor lock is a problem caused by liquid fuel changing state to vapor while still in the fuel delivery system of gasoline -fueled internal combustion engines. This disrupts the operation of the fuel pump, causing loss of feed pressure to the carburetor or fuel injection system, resulting in transient loss of power or complete stalling.
The generalized Lotka–Volterra equations are a set of equations which are more general than either the competitive or predator–prey examples of Lotka–Volterra types. [1] [2] They can be used to model direct competition and trophic relationships between an arbitrary number of species. Their dynamics can be analysed analytically to some extent.
General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper. The General Atomics MQ-1 Predator (often referred to as the Predator drone) is an American remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) built by General Atomics that was used primarily by the United States Air Force (USAF) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Conceived in the early 1990s for aerial reconnaissance and forward ...
In an equation of the form y' = f ( x , y ), the isoclines are lines in the ( x , y) plane obtained by setting f ( x , y) equal to a constant. This gives a series of lines (for different constants) along which the solution curves have the same gradient. By calculating this gradient for each isocline, the slope field can be visualised; making it ...