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In the language of statistics: Accuracy is a description of systematic errors, a measure of bias. Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of variability. In the context of observations made on a ratio or interval scale, a statistical sample can be said to be accurate if its average is close to the true value of the quantity being ...
In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation ( CV ), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), percent RMS, and relative standard deviation ( RSD ), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution. It is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the ...
For a confidence level, there is a corresponding confidence interval about the mean , that is, the interval [, +] within which values of should fall with probability . ...
Propagation of uncertainty. In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables ' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them. When the variables are the values of experimental measurements they have uncertainties due to measurement ...
Dissociation constant. In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant ( KD) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its ...
In physics, a mass balance, also called a material balance, is an application of conservation of mass [ 1] to the analysis of physical systems. By accounting for material entering and leaving a system, mass flows can be identified which might have been unknown, or difficult to measure without this technique. The exact conservation law used in ...
The Standard addition method, often used in analytical chemistry, quantifies the analyte present in an unknown. This method is useful for analyzing complex samples where a matrix effect interferes with the analyte signal. In comparison to the calibration curve method, the standard addition method has the advantage of the matrices of the unknown ...
If the instrument has a needle which points to a scale graduated in steps of 0.1 units, then depending on the design of the instrument it is usually possible to estimate tenths between the successive marks on the scale, so it should be possible to read off the result to an accuracy of about 0.01 units.