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An insect repellent (also commonly called "bug spray") is a substance applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces to discourage insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface.
N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide, also called diethyltoluamide or DEET (/ d iː t /, from DET, the initials of di- + ethyl + toluamide), [1] [2] is the oldest, one of the most effective and most common active ingredient in commercial insect repellents.
Icaridin, also known as picaridin, is an insect repellent which can be used directly on skin or clothing. [1] It has broad efficacy against various arthropods such as mosquitos, ticks, gnats, flies and fleas, and is almost colorless and odorless.
Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate is an insect repellent whose trade name is IR3535 and was developed and commercialized by Merck KGaA (Germany). It is a colorless and odorless oil with a good skin feel in final products, and it is biodegradable. [1] [2] [3]
Their insecticidal and insect-repellent properties have been known and used for thousands of years. Pyrethrins are gradually replacing organophosphates and organochlorides as the pesticides of choice as the latter compounds have been shown to have significant and persistent toxic effects to humans.
1-Octen-3-ol, octenol for short and also known as mushroom alcohol, [1] is a chemical that attracts biting insects such as mosquitoes. It is contained in human breath and sweat, and it is believed that insect repellent DEET works by blocking the insects' octenol odorant receptors. [2] [3] [4]
Nepetalactone is a name for multiple iridoid analog stereoisomers.Nepetalactones are produced by Nepeta cataria and many other plants belonging to the genus Nepeta, in which they protect these plants from herbivorous insects by functioning as insect repellents.
Chemical defense is a strategy employed by many organisms to avoid consumption by producing toxic or repellent metabolites or chemical warnings which incite defensive behavioral changes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The production of defensive chemicals occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria, as well as invertebrate and vertebrate animals.
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